POMIAR I ANALIZA ODCHYLENIA MAGNETYCZNEGO 3D W LOTNICZYCH MAGNETYCZNYCH SYSTEMACH NAPROWADZANIA I SYSTEMACH NAPROWADZANIA MONTOWANYCH NA HEŁMIE LOTNICZYM
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Abstrakt
W XXI wieku czujniki i pomiary magnetyczne są szeroko stosowane w wielu różnych aplikacjach. W artykule przedstawiono aspekty pomiarów magnetycznych i odchyleń w Magnetic Heading System (MHS) i Helmet Mounted Cueing System (HMCS) na pokładzie samolotów cywilnych i wojskowych. Na początku omówiono rynek magnetometrów i obszar ich zastosowań oraz odpowiadające im zakresy pomiarowe i błędy czujników. Następnie rozważania skupiły się na teorii dewiacji magnetycznej z uwzględnieniem wpływu miękkiego i twardego żelaza oraz pola magnetycznego generowanego przez urządzenia elektryczne. Podano zależności matematyczne opisujące składowe odchylenia magnetycznego oraz ścieżkę pomiarową. Następnie nowatorskim elementem jest model symulacyjny, opracowany w pakiecie Matlab-Simulink, umożliwiający wyznaczenie dewiacji poziomej 2D oraz dewiacji przestrzennej 3D dla zadanych kątów orientacji przestrzennej. Na koniec przedstawiono wybrane wyniki badań. Pokazano przykładowe wyniki analizy dewiacji magnetycznej występującej na samolotach wojskowych. Wskazano na celowość wykorzystania analizy harmonicznej do poprawy dokładności kompensacji dewiacji, szczególnie w zastosowaniach HMCS. Wykazano celowość analizy dewiacji 3D. W oparciu o przeprowadzone badania zweryfikowano opracowany model odchylenia 3D oraz właściwości odchylenia resztkowego zmierzone w pobliżu samolotu. Wskazano na potrzebę opracowania modelu dewiacji 3D w oparciu o dane eksperymentalne. Dane eksperymentalne pozwoliły na wyznaczenie azymutu występowania największej wartości odchylenia podczas badań naziemnych populacji statków powietrznych.
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