Aviation and Security Issues

CAPABILITIES OF AIR DEFENCE IN COUNTERING UAVS IN COMBAT CONDITIONS – LESSONS FROM THE RUSSO-UKRAINIAN CONFLICT

2025-08-01T07:56:04+00:00

The main objective of this article is to identify and evaluate the methods used by air defense (AD) units to counter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the context of a real armed conflict, using the war in Ukraine in 2022 as a case study. The research
employs methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction, and case study, focusing on the operational effectiveness of Ukrainian AD systems facing widespread use of UAVs by Russian forces. The findings indicate that the most effective countermeasures include short- and very-short-range air defense systems, mobile fire units, and electronic warfare capabilities. The article also discusses the economic challenge of engaging low-cost UAVs with high-cost effectors, the necessity of integrating kinetic and
non-kinetic measures under a unified command and control (C2) structure, and the need for continued development of specialized counter-drone systems. Operational experience gained by the Ukrainian Armed Forces is presented as a valuable foundation for shaping future air defense strategies in the face of evolving aerial threats.

CARGO DROP TECHNIQUES FROM TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT: A REVIEW OF METHODS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

2025-02-08T11:10:29+00:00

The efficient and precise delivery of cargo from transport aircraft plays a key role in logistics, humanitarian aid, military operations and other fields. This article presents an overview of the different techniques for dropping cargo from transport
aircraft and their applications. The aim of the article is to analyse and evaluate the different airdrop methods, taking into account both technical and operational aspects. The article will discuss both traditional airdrop techniques and new innovative approaches, along with their advantages and limitations. Various areas of application of these techniques will be analysed, such as the delivery of military supplies, humanitarian operations, medical evacuations and many others. The conclusions of this review of cargo drop techniques from transport

RESEARCH DIRECTIONS ON CYBERSECURITY IN CIVIL AVIATION – LITERATURE REVIEW

2025-10-12T15:45:56+00:00

The article aims to identify and characterize the main directions of research on cybersecurity in civil aviation from 2015 to 2025 (as of July 2025). The research was based on publications available in the Scopus database. Bibliometric analysis enabled the identification of research clusters, which were then characterized based on the literature. The results define key research areas such as system standardization, risk management, threat detection, anomaly detection, and emerging technologies (e.g., Internet of Things, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain). A less frequently discussed issue is, for example, the impact of the human factor on cybersecurity in civil aviation. A limited number of review publications systematizing existing knowledge were also identified. The article emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to cybersecurity in the aviation sector. Further research should focus on the integration of emerging technologies, including interoperability, standardization, and regulatory compliance. Issues related to the human factor, risk analysis, and resilience to cyber threats are also of key importance.

RAM-TYPE AIR THREATS, OLD – NEW CHALLENGE FOR AIR DEFENCE FORCES. CRAM IN THE MILITARY OPERATIONS

2025-08-01T07:58:06+00:00

RAM-type air threats represent a new challenge for air defense forces, as these threats have traditionally been classified as ground-based attacks. However, with the increased use of rockets, artillery, and mortar shells in conflicts and stabilization operations, these threats are now being classified as air-based threats. This has created a new set of challenges for air defense forces, who must adapt their defense strategies to combat these new threats.

The study examines the various types and causes of RAM-type air threats, including their origins, capabilities, and modes of operation. It also considers the challenges that these threats pose to air defense forces, such as their low-flying and unpredictable nature. Additionally, the study analyzes anti-aircraft defense systems that have been successfully deployed in other countries to combat these threats, including their advantages and disadvantages.

One of the key findings of the study is the importance of early detection and tracking of RAM-type air threats, which can be accomplished through the use of advanced radar systems and other technologies. Another important factor is the need for flexible defense strategies that can adapt to the evolving nature of these threats. The study concludes that continued research and development of effective defense strategies against RAM-type air threats is crucial for the safety and security of military and civilian populations in conflict and stabilization operations.